Opioid use has become a significant public health concern, affecting millions of individuals and their families. Recognizing the signs of opioid use in a loved one is often the first step in helping them find the support they need. The earlier these signs are noticed, the better the chances for a positive outcome and recovery.
Knowing the signs of opioid use can make all the difference in getting those struggling with opioids the help they need. Substances such as heroin, fentanyl or misused prescription pain medications require serious intervention. Identifying the warning signs of opioid use could be what your loved one needs to start their journey toward healing and recovery.
What Are Opioids?
Opioids are a class of substances that include prescription pain relievers like oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, and codeine, as well as illegal substances such as heroin and fentanyl. These substances interact with opioid receptors in the brain to reduce the sensation of pain and produce feelings of euphoria. While they are highly effective for pain management when used as prescribed, opioids also carry a high potential for misuse and dependency.
How Opioid Use Disorders Develop
Opioid use disorders may begin with a legitimate prescription for pain management. This could be to help manage pain symptoms as a person recovers from surgery or has another medical procedure. However, a person may develop a tolerance over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. This can lead to misuse, where the person takes opioids in a manner not prescribed or uses them for their euphoric/sedative effects.
Physical Signs of Opioid Use
Identifying the physical signs of opioid use can be challenging, especially in the early stages. However, there are some common physical indicators that a person may be misusing opioids:
- Pupillary Changes: One of the most noticeable signs of opioid use is changes in the pupils. Opioids can cause pupils to constrict, making them appear “pinpoint,” even in low light conditions. This physical sign can be a strong indicator, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms.
- Drowsiness or “Nodding Off”: Individuals using opioids may exhibit excessive drowsiness or seem to “nod off” unexpectedly. They may appear tired or lethargic, often struggling to stay awake during conversations or activities. This is due to the sedative effects of opioids on the central nervous system.
- Slow Breathing or Respiratory Issues: Opioids can depress the respiratory system, leading to slowed or shallow breathing. In severe cases, this can result in respiratory arrest, which is a medical emergency. If you notice a loved one struggling to breathe or frequently experiencing shortness of breath, it may be a sign of opioid use. Keep in mind, however, that while these may be symptoms of opioid misuse, individuals who do not have substance use disorders can also experience these issues, so these should not be taken as the only indication that there is a problem.
- Constipation and Digestive Issues: Opioid use often leads to constipation and other gastrointestinal problems. Individuals may complain of abdominal pain, bloating, or reduced appetite. These symptoms are a direct result of how opioids affect the digestive tract.
- Unexplained Weight Loss: Opioid use can suppress appetite and lead to significant weight loss. If your loved one is losing weight rapidly without any clear explanation and you know they have been on painkillers, it could be a sign of opioid misuse.
Behavioral Signs of Opioid Use
Behavioral changes are often the most telling signs of opioid use. These changes can be gradual and may affect various aspects of a person’s life, from their daily routines to their social interactions.
- Changes in Social Circles: A person using opioids may start to withdraw from their usual social circles and instead associate with a new group of friends who are more likely to use substances. They may also become secretive about their activities or start avoiding family gatherings and social events.
- Neglecting Responsibilities: Opioid use can lead to neglect of responsibilities at work, school, or home. Individuals may miss work or school frequently, fail to complete tasks or neglect their hygiene. This lack of motivation can be a significant red flag.
- Erratic Behavior and Mood Swings: Mood swings, irritability, and erratic behavior are common signs of opioid use. Individuals may become easily agitated, anxious, or exhibit uncharacteristic aggression. Alternatively, they might show unusual euphoria or calmness when under the influence.
- Increased Secrecy and Isolation: A person misusing opioids may become increasingly secretive about their whereabouts and activities. They might isolate themselves from friends and family, spending more time alone or with individuals who enable their substance use.
- Financial Difficulties: The cost of obtaining opioids illegally can be extremely high. Individuals may start borrowing money frequently, selling personal belongings, or exhibiting unusual financial behaviors, such as not being able to account for missing money.
Psychological Signs of Opioid Use
The psychological signs of opioid use can be subtle but are often the most impactful in understanding the depth of substance use.
- Anxiety and Depression: Opioid use can exacerbate or contribute to feelings of anxiety and depression. Individuals may appear unusually sad, hopeless, or anxious, particularly when they are not using the substance.
- Loss of Interest in Activities: Someone using opioids may lose interest in activities they once enjoyed. Hobbies, social activities, and family time may no longer seem appealing, as the individual’s focus shifts entirely to obtaining and using opioids.
- Paranoia or Hallucinations: In some cases, opioid use can lead to paranoia or hallucinations, particularly with prolonged or heavy use. If your loved one seems overly suspicious or claims to see or hear things that aren’t there, it may be related to opioid use.
- Changes in Personality: Significant personality changes, such as becoming more withdrawn, secretive, or aggressive, can be a sign of opioid use. Pay attention to shifts in behavior that are out of character for your loved one.
The Importance of Recognizing the Early Signs of Opioid Use
Recognizing the signs of opioid use early is vital for several reasons. Early detection allows for prompt intervention, which can prevent the situation from escalating into a more severe substance use disorder. The sooner you identify the signs, the sooner you can encourage your loved one to seek help and begin their path to recovery.
Encouraging Treatment and Recovery
If your loved one exhibits signs of opioid use, it’s important to encourage them to seek professional help. How you go about this must be done intentionally and with compassion, so the individual does not feel bombarded or attacked. The goal is to help your loved one get the help they so desperately need, not to make them defensive and avoidant of treatment. Treatment options such as medication-assisted treatment (MAT) and behavioral therapies can provide the necessary tools and support for recovery. It’s important to remember that recovery is a journey, and seeking help is the first step towards a healthier, more fulfilling life.
Supporting Your Loved One’s Recovery
Recognizing the early signs of opioid use in a loved one is a vital step toward guiding them to recovery. At Crossroads Treatment Centers, we offer tailored treatment options, including medication-assisted therapy and behavioral health options, to help individuals address the physical and psychological challenges of opioid use. Our dedicated team works closely with both individuals and families. If you notice a loved one struggling with opioid use, schedule a visit today to learn how we can help guide them toward lasting recovery.